EFFECTS OF TASK TYPE AND L2 PROFICIENCY. - Cambridge Core.
L1 is a speaker's first language. L2 is the second, L3 the third etc. Example A learner whose L1 is Spanish may find Portuguese and Italian easy languages to learn because of a fairly close connection between the languages. In the classroom L1 interference - where a speaker uses language forms and structures from their first language in language they are learning - is an area many teachers are.
Interaction Model of Bilingual Education Background Variables: a. Nature of child’s linguistic interaction b. Comunity and parental attitudes towards partecipation in L2 culture and maintenance of L1 Child Input Variables: a. Conceptual-linguistic knowledge b. Motivation to learn L2 and maintain L1 Child Process Variables: a. Competence in L1.
Second, teachers need to understand that social interdependence theory is validated by hundreds of research studies indicating that cooperation, compared to competitive and individualistic efforts, tends to result in greater achievement, more positive relationships, and greater psychological health. Third, teachers need to understand the five basic elements that make cooperation work: positive.
CALP) is cross-lingual: there exists a common underlying proficiency among L1 and L2 CALP. This is called the interdependence hypothesis, and is represented by an iceberg metaphor with dual surface icebergs (i.e., different features of L1 and L2) connected into one under the surface of the water (i.e., common underlying proficiency).
Theory Complex Interdependence Analysis - The theory of complex interdependence was created as a reaction to the realist theory. The theory of complex interdependence has many parts but has been compounded into a simple definition of being “the entire intricate range of interactions among modern nation, which has made transnational forces even more important” (49).
The earliest example of interdependence comes from Norman Angell’s “The great illusion (1910) when he said the economic interdependence will minimize the occurrence of war on the basis of cost-benefit analysis.” Countries are dependent on each other for trade and transaction, they interact globally e.g. flow of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries but all.
Economic interdependence is the only factor that plays an important causal role in the thinking of both camps, and their perspectives are diametrically opposed. Liberals argue that economic interdependence lowers the likelihood of war by increasing the value of trading over the alternative of aggression: interdependent states would rather trade than invade. As long as high levels of Dale C.